Precautions to be taken during and after the Industrial and Chemical Accidents

National Disaster Management Authority, India published in their official website the Precautions to be taken during and after the Chemical (Industrial) Accidents. I think, every citizen should read this Precautions and be aware about to handle Industrial accidents in our areas.

Precautions to be taken during and after the Chemical (Industrial) Accidents

1. Do not panic, evacuate calmly and quickly perpendicular to wind direction through the designated escape route
   
2. Keep a wet handkerchief or piece of cloth/ sari on face during evacuation
   
3. Keep the sick, elderly, weak, handicapped and other people who are unable to evacuate inside house and close all the doors and windows tightly.
   
4. Do not consume the uncovered food/ water etc open to the air, drink only from bottle
   
5. Change into fresh clothing after reaching safe place/ shelter, and wish hands properly
   
6. Inform Fire & Emergency Services, Police and medical services from safe location by calling 101, 100 and 108 respectively.
   
7. Listen to PA (Public Addressal) System of the plant/ factory, local radio/ TV channels for advice from district administration/fire/health/police and other concerned authorities
   
8. Provide correct and accurate information to government official.
   
9. Inform others on occurrence of event at public gathering places (like school, shopping centre, theatre etc.).
   
10. Don’t pay attention to the rumours and don’t spread rumours.
    

General Precautions During Normal Time

1. Do not smoke, lit fire or spark in the identified hazardous area
   
2. Sensitize the community living near the industrial units and they should be more vigilant about the nature of industrial units and associated risks.
   
3. Keep the contact numbers of nearest hazardous industry, fire station, police station, control room, health services and district control room, for emergency use.
   
4. Avoid housing near the industries producing or processing the hazardous chemicals, if possible.
   
5. Participate in all the capacity building programmes organized by the government/ voluntary organizations / industrial units.
   
6. Take part in preparing disaster management plan for the community and identify safe shelter along with safe and easy access routes.
   
7. Prepare a family disaster management plan and explain it to all the family members.
   
8. Make the family/ neighbours aware of the basic characteristics of various poisonous/ hazardous chemicals and the first aid required to treat them.
   
9. Adequate number of personal protective equipments needs to be made available, to deal with emergency situation.
   
10. Prepare an emergency kit of items and essentials in the house, including medicines, documents and valuables.
    

Causes and consequence of Bhopal disaster in 1984

As you know, the world's worst industrial disaster, the Bhopal disaster was occurred in December 1984. Bhopal industrial disaster, also referred as Bhopal gas tragedy, was a gas leak incident occurred at the Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL), more than 40 tons of methyl isocyanate gas leaked from a pesticide plant in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh state. As per the Government records more than 3750 peoples were dead, approximately 3,900 severely and permanently disabling injured and 38,478 temporary partial injured.

Causes and consequence of Bhopal disaster in 1984

The cause of the disaster remains under debate (Wikipedia). There are two main lines of argument involving the disaster. The "Corporate Negligence" point of view argues that the disaster was caused by a potent combination of under-maintained and decaying facilities, a weak attitude towards safety, and an under trained workforce, culminating in worker actions that inadvertently enabled water to penetrate the MIC tanks in the absence of properly working safeguards.

The "Worker Sabotage" point of view argues that it was not physically possible for the water to enter the tank without concerted human effort, and that extensive testimony and engineering analysis leads to a conclusion that water entered the tank when a rogue individual employee hooked a water hose directly to an empty valve on the side of the tank. This point of view further argues that the Indian government took extensive actions to hide this possibility in order to attach blame to UCC.

Theories differ as to how the water entered the tank. At the time, workers were cleaning out a clogged pipe with water about 400 feet from the tank. They claimed that they were not told to isolate the tank with a pipe slip-blind plate. The operators assumed that owing to bad maintenance and leaking valves, it was possible for the water to leak into the tank.

However, this water entry route could not be reproduced despite strenuous efforts by motivated parties. UCC claims that a "disgruntled worker" deliberately connecting a hose to a pressure gauge connection was the real cause.

Early the next morning, a UCIL manager asked the instrument engineer to replace the gauge. UCIL's investigation team found no evidence of the necessary connection; however, the investigation was totally controlled by the government, denying UCC investigators access to the tank or interviews with the operators

Ref : Wikipedia

Causes and consequence of chemical disaster that occurred in Jaipur

Chemical disaster at Jaipur was occurred 29th October 2009 at 7:36 PM (IST). Jaipur fuel storage and distribution terminal in India, owned by the Indian Oil Company (IOC) - India's largest oil company and PSU company in terms of revenue at Sitapura Industrial Area on the outskirts of Jaipur, Rajasthan was broke out on 29th October 2009 at 7:36 PM. The oil depot at Sitapura Industrial Area is about 16 kilometers away from the city of Jaipur. The Met department recorded a tremor measuring 2.3 on the Richter scale around the time the first explosion at 7:36 pm which resulted in shattering of glass window nearly 3 kilometers from the accident site

Chemical disaster at Jaipur occurred when petrol was being transferred from the Indian Oil Corporation's oil depot to a pipeline. There were at least 40 Indian Oil Corporation employees at the terminal when it caught fire with an explosion.

Click the link for Causes of chemical disaster at Jaipur that occurred in 2009

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How to cause the Chemical Disaster at Jaipur in 2009 a widespread disaster

The total burning time of Chemical Disaster at Jaipur in 2009 was over 72 hours.
All 11 tanks of Indian Oil Company (IOC) caught fire. Indian Government officials announced that there was no choice but to let the fire burn out

- The fixed fire fighting system did not work properly and there were no back up systems.
- The Indian army was assisted with poorly equipped fire brigades.
- IOC depot seemed unprepared to tackle the fire, the state government's disaster management team was also caught off guard. The incident has raised several questions regarding both the safety measures followed at the IOC depot and the disaster management arrangements in Rajasthan.
- Likely lapses in handling the fire in its initial stages was a reason for a disaster of this magnitude.
- Anything could have caused the fire, but only negligence could lead to such a widespread disaster.
- The fire hydrants were empty, why? Not a drop of water came out.
-It is hard to believe that the city's firefighters and authorities let the fire spread to this extent.
- By late the accident day evening, the authorities should have arranged extra pressure pumps which were not available with the Jaipur fire brigade.

This article Causes and consequence of chemical disaster that occurred in 2009 at Jaipur can be very useful for CBSE Class IX students to prepare their Geography project of Disaster Management.

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Causes of chemical disaster at Jaipur that occurred in 2009

Causes of chemical disaster at Jaipur that occurred in 2009

All major Chemical disasters and Chemical accidents were occurred due to lack of safety measure, technical failures, a human error or negligence or another disaster of natural origin like flooding, landslide, earthquake, etc. The main reasons for Chemical disasters are that most units do not make preventive safety arrangements and the worst disaster management system. Unfortunately, India does not have the best records in industrial safety. At many smaller units virtually no record is maintained of the disasters and neither is workers covered by the Employees State Insurance Scheme.

Various investigations for the cause of Chemical disaster at Jaipur in 2009 reported a range of possibilities:

- Chemical disaster at Jaipur occurred when petrol was being transferred from the oil depot to a pipeline. There was a leak in a valve in a pipeline, which connected fuel tanks to distribution points. The pipeline was leaking after the daily routine of loading fuel into tankers.
- Other experts say the cause of the fire could be anything – from a leak in the tanks to a short circuit.
- There was an earthquake at 7.36 P.M (it is not sure if there was an earthquake or if explosions created a shock).

The Disaster Management Act, 2005 envisages that each revenue District must have a Disaster Management Plan. While 31 revenue Districts of Rajasthan had placed the Disaster Management Plan on Rajasthan Government website Jaipur District did not have any Disaster Management Plan. A Disaster Management Plan for Jaipur District has been put on Internet on 17th November 2009 i.e. 20 days after the Chemical disaster at Sitapura Industrial Area, Jaipur took place on 29 October 2009. The main causes of chemical disaster at Jaipur that occurred in 2009 were the worst industrial safety and disaster management system. According to the Secretary General of Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI), Amit Mitra, yearning for growth, corporates often ignore the safety and security aspects. The chemical disaster at Jaipur is a stark instance of how safety aspects were reportedly almost completely ignored by the public sector Indian Oil.

This article Causes and consequence of chemical disaster that occurred in 2009 at Jaipur can be very useful for CBSE Class IX students to prepare their Geography project of Disaster Management.

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Consequence of chemical disaster at Jaipur in 2009

Consequence of chemical disaster at Jaipur in 2009

Consequences of chemical disaster at Jaipur occurred in 2009 were, about 11 people lost their lives due to burns and asphyxia and more than 300 suffered injuries. IOC General Manager for Rajasthan Mr. Gautam Bose and 8 other officers were arrested in connection with the chemical disaster at Jaipur in 2009 caused by leakage of petrol during transfer from storage tank.

Jaipur fuel storage and distribution terminal of the Indian Oil Corporation at Sitatpur in Jaipur can hold 100,000 kilolitres of petrol, diesel and kerosene in about 11 storage tanks. All 11 tanks caught fire.

- Broken ceilings, shattered windowpanes and cracks in the walls of the nearby Infosys, Genpact and Genus Electronics offices.
- Workshops of General Motors’ new Chevrolet showroom, and workshop offices of JWS Foods, Florence Foods, Sriram General Insurance, Morani Motors and engineering college JECRC.
- Over 100 small/medium sized businesses may have been affected.

- Thick plumes of pollutant-laced smoke had spread to over dozens of villages and residential colonies.
- Atmospheric pollution from the accident was a major health concern for residents in the area. People near at accident area had some healthy problems like heaviness in the chest, sore throats, irritation in the eyes and skin.

This article Causes and consequence of chemical disaster that occurred in 2009 at Jaipur can be very useful for CBSE Class IX students to prepare their Geography project of Disaster Management.

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